[Q12-Q26] Ultimate Guide to Prepare CCAS with Accurate PDF Questions [Jan 25, 2026]

Posted On January 25, 2026

Ultimate Guide to Prepare CCAS with Accurate PDF Questions [Jan 25, 2026]

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NO.12 Which is a type of restricted blockchain?

Hybrid

Public

Private

Consortium

A restricted blockchain is one where participation-either in transaction validation, data access, or both-is limited to selected entities rather than being open to the public.
Consortium blockchain (D) is a common type of restricted blockchain in which multiple pre-approved organizations collectively manage the network. It offers partial decentralization but with controlled membership, making it suitable for regulated environments such as financial services, supply chain tracking, and interbank settlements.
Other options explained:
Hybrid (A): Combines elements of public and private chains, but not necessarily “restricted” in the strict governance sense.
Public (B): Open to anyone to join, read, and write data; not restricted.
Private (C): While private blockchains are also restricted, in AML/CFT guidance, “restricted blockchain” generally refers to consortium arrangements involving multiple vetted participants, rather than a single organization’s closed chain.
Regulatory and technical literature in DIFC/ADGM contexts note that consortium blockchains allow for compliance controls, participant vetting, and transaction monitoring-making them particularly suitable for financial ecosystems where controlled access is essential.

NO.13 Under DIFC AML rules, which governance body must approve the firm’s business-wide risk assessment?

Compliance department

Board of Directors

Chief Technology Officer

Internal audit team

DFSA AML Module requires the Board to approve and oversee the firm’s business-wide risk assessment, ensuring accountability at the highest governance level.

NO.14 Which statement regarding cryptocurrencies, digital assets, and blockchain is correct?

Cryptocurrencies use encryption techniques operating independently from a central bank.

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain are the same and are terms used interchangeably.

Digital assets can only operate on a blockchain.

Cryptocurrencies, blockchain, and digital assets can all be used as a means of payment.

Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies secured by cryptography, operating independently from any central bank or government. Blockchain is the underlying distributed ledger technology supporting cryptocurrencies and other digital assets.
Cryptocurrencies and blockchain are not the same (B). Digital assets can exist off-blockchain (C), such as tokenized assets on centralized databases. While cryptocurrencies can be used as payment, blockchain itself is a technology, not a payment method (D).

NO.15 When enhances international cooperation with regard to law enforcement investigations of virtual asset (VA) crimes?

Join Financial Action Task Force to access the network of jurisdictions

Establish a new Independent state agency for VAs.

Develop smart contracts for information sharing.

Designate a financial Intelligence unit

Enhanced international cooperation in VA crime investigations is most effective when jurisdictions designate and empower Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) that can share intelligence, coordinate cross-border investigations, and liaise with counterparts internationally.
While FATF membership (A) facilitates cooperation, the operational hub for investigations is the FIU. Establishing new agencies (B) or smart contracts for sharing (C) are not established or effective methods.
DFSA guidance and FATF recommendations stress the central role of FIUs in enhancing cooperation and intelligence sharing for AML/CFT, including virtual assets.

NO.16 Which type of blockchain is jointly operated by multiple pre-approved organizations?

Public

Consortium

Private

Hybrid

Consortium blockchains are semi-private networks where governance is shared among authorized participants, offering a balance between decentralization and access control.

NO.17 An analyst at a virtual asset service provider (VASP) that white-labels its exchange solution to other cross-border VASPs is developing a VASP onboarding procedure. Under Financial Action Task Force Recommendation 13, which CDD practices should be applied to such relationships? (Select Three.)

Obtain approval from the local supervisory authority

Assess the profitability of the VASP relationship

Assess the nature and purpose of the VASP relationship

Obtain approval from senior management

Assess the VASP’s supervision and if a license/registration is needed

FATF Recommendation 13 (Correspondent Banking and Similar Relationships) and its application to VASP-VASP relationships require enhanced due diligence before onboarding. This is because such arrangements carry elevated ML/TF risk, especially in cross-border settings.
Required CDD practices include:
Assess the nature and purpose of the VASP relationship (C): Understand why the relationship is being established and the expected services/products.
Obtain approval from senior management (D): Senior management oversight ensures risk is accepted at the appropriate governance level.
Assess the VASP’s supervision and if a license/registration is needed (E): Confirm regulatory oversight, licensing, and compliance with AML/CFT obligations.
Options A and B are not core FATF requirements for CDD in this context – local authority approval may be a domestic regulatory requirement in some countries, but not a FATF baseline, and profitability assessment is a business decision, not an AML measure.

NO.18 Which type of blockchain is jointly operated by multiple pre-approved organizations?

Private

Public

Consortium

Hybrid

Consortium blockchains are semi-private networks where governance is shared among authorized participants, offering a balance between decentralization and access control.

NO.19 A compliance officer is conducting an AML risk assessment of two different operating models: a centralized cryptoasset exchange and a decentralized cryptoasset exchange. Which key difference causes the compliance officer to risk-rate the decentralized exchange higher than the centralized exchange?

The cost of each transaction

The number of validator nodes

The lack of a central counterparty

The supported asset types

Decentralized exchanges lack a central counterparty responsible for AML compliance, making it difficult to enforce KYC/CDD, monitor transactions, or implement controls. This structural characteristic increases inherent AML risk compared to centralized exchanges, which have accountable operators.
Transaction cost (A), validator nodes (B), or asset types (D) are less impactful in the compliance risk rating.

NO.20 Which is the first action a virtual asset service provider (VASP) should take when it finds out that its customers are engaging in virtual asset (VA) transfers related to unhosted wallets and peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions?

Allow VA transfers related P2P or unhosted wallets below 1,000 USD or the equivalent amount in local currency, or per defined thresholds in local regulations.

Freeze accounts with records of transactions related to P2P transactions or unhosted wallets.

Collect and assess the data on transactions related to P2P or unhosted wallets to determine if it is within its risk appetite.

Enhance existing risk-based control framework to account for specific risks posed by transactions related to P2P or unhosted wallets.

Upon identifying customer engagement with unhosted wallets or P2P transfers, the first step a VASP should take is to collect and assess data on such transactions. This assessment helps determine if these activities fall within the firm’s risk appetite and what enhanced controls or actions may be needed.
Immediate account freezing (B) is not the first step without assessment; neither is allowing transfers (A) without risk consideration. Enhancing risk frameworks (D) is important but follows from an initial data-driven risk assessment.
Relevant guidance:
FATF Recommendations and DFSA AML Module require VASPs to maintain a risk-based approach that begins with data collection and risk assessment on unhosted wallet transactions.
The DFSA’s 2023 Dear MLRO letters and thematic reviews stress proportionality and evidence-based responses rather than immediate punitive measures.
Enhanced due diligence (EDD) and risk mitigation measures, including potentially freezing accounts, come after assessment of the risk level【AML/VER25/05-24: Sections 4.1, 6.4, 13; 20230406Dear_MLRO_Letter_re_IEMS.pdf】.
Hence, C is the appropriate first action.

NO.21 Which blockchain type is accessible only to a single organization?

Public

Private

Consortium

Hybrid

Private blockchains are controlled by a single organization with full access restrictions. This model is often used for internal record-keeping but lacks the decentralized trust of public chains.

NO.22 In sanctions screening, a “fuzzy match” occurs when:

There is no match found.

A partial or near match to a sanctions list entry occurs.

Only wallet addresses match exactly.

The customer is in a low-risk jurisdiction.

Fuzzy matches require further review to confirm whether the match is a true hit or a false positive, ensuring compliance accuracy.

NO.23 Which key differences between the Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains must investigators consider when investigating flows of funds on each respective chain? (Select Two.)

Transaction cost

Variety of applications, assets, and networks

Address length

Ledger model

Bitcoin and Ethereum have fundamental differences important to investigators:
Variety of applications, assets, and networks (B): Ethereum supports diverse decentralized applications (dApps), multiple tokens (ERC-20, ERC-721), and various networks, complicating transaction tracing compared to Bitcoin’s primary use as a cryptocurrency.
Ledger model (D): Ethereum uses an account-based ledger model, while Bitcoin uses a UTXO (unspent transaction output) model, affecting how transactions are recorded and analyzed.
Transaction cost (A) and address length (C) differ but are less relevant for fund flow investigations.

NO.24 What is a “token burn”?

Destroying tokens to reduce supply.

Sending tokens to a liquidity pool.

Transferring tokens to an OTC desk.

Locking tokens in staking.

A token burn is the deliberate removal of tokens from circulation by sending them to an unspendable address. While sometimes legitimate, burns can also be misused for market manipulation.

NO.25 Based on Financial Action Task Force guidance, when a cryptoasset exchange carries out an occasional transaction, the exchange is required to conduct CDD when the transaction is above:

USD/EUR 1000.

USD/EUR 5000.

USD/EUR 10000.

USD/EUR 15000.

FATF guidance sets the threshold for Customer Due Diligence (CDD) on occasional transactions at USD/EUR 10,000 or equivalent. This means that when a cryptoasset exchange processes a one-off transaction exceeding this amount, it must apply appropriate CDD measures.
This aligns with FATF Recommendation 10 and is adopted by DFSA and FSRA frameworks governing virtual asset service providers, ensuring transactions over this limit are subject to identity verification and risk assessment.
Extracts from AML and COB modules emphasize this threshold as the trigger for CDD on occasional transactions to prevent laundering through high-value single transfers.

NO.26 Under FATF guidelines, VASPs must file a Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) when:

Any transaction is over $1,000

They suspect funds are linked to criminal activity, regardless of amount

A politically exposed person makes a deposit

The transaction involves an unhosted wallet

FATF Recommendation 20 mandates that STRs be filed whenever there is suspicion or reasonable grounds to suspect criminal proceeds, regardless of the transaction value. This is mirrored in DFSA and FSRA AML regulations, ensuring that the reporting obligation is triggered by suspicion, not just thresholds.

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ACAMS CCAS Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Cryptoasset and Blockchain: This domain targets Blockchain Analysts and Crypto Risk Managers. It focuses on understanding cryptoasset technologies, blockchain fundamentals, and their operational characteristics. Candidates learn about cryptoasset transaction flows, wallets, exchanges, smart contracts, and the challenges these present to financial crime prevention.
Topic 2	Risk Management Programs for Cryptoasset and Blockchain: This section measures expertise of Compliance Managers and Risk Officers in developing and implementing risk management frameworks specifically for the crypto sector. It includes procedures for assessing crypto-related financial crime risks, designing controls, monitoring compliance, and adapting to emerging threats within the cryptoasset ecosystem.
Topic 3	AML Foundations for Cryptoasset and Blockchain: This section of the exam measures skills of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Officers and Crypto Compliance Specialists. It covers foundational knowledge of AML principles tailored to the cryptoasset and blockchain environment, introducing the regulatory landscape, typologies of financial crime, and the evolving risks associated with cryptoassets.